300吨氯代十六烷的合成.rar

300吨氯代十六烷的合成

摘要
阳离子表面活性剂具有杀菌消毒和很强的吸附特性 ,被广泛应用于日用化工、工业洗涤剂、制药等行业 , 在人类生产生活中的应用广泛，氯代十六烷是工业生产较为重要的有机合成中间体和表面活性剂。同时也是合成其它优质的表面活性剂的中间产物。在工业生产中也相当的普遍。特别是作为长链烷烃类的衍生物氯代十六烷基吡啶（CPC）是较为不错的阳离子表面活性剂。也是科研中表面活性剂的首选。特别是用来合成阳离子表面活性剂。但进入水体的阳离子表面活性剂会消耗水中的溶解氧 ,危害水体的生态环境而且抑制其它有毒物质的降解 ,导致严重的 水质污染，,给环境带来严重的负面影响。
关键词 ： 表面活性剂；氯代十六烷；

Abstract
Cationic surfactant has strong sterilization and adsorption characteristic,which are widely used in daily chemical industry, industrial detergent, pharmaceutical and other industries. Besides,it was widely used in humans life .Chlorinated hexadecane is an important organic intermediates and surfactant in industrial production .what is more ,it is the intermediate material of synthesising other surfactants which are of high quality .it is commonly used in industrial production.Especially chlorinated cetyl pyridine (CPC) which is regarded as the derivatives of the long chain alkyl hydrocarbon ,and it is usually the first choice of scientific research in surfactant especially for Synthesising of cationic surfactant. But when it enter into the water body of cationic surfactant ,it will consumpte the oxygen in the water. That bring serious negative impact to the environment ,such as damaging the ecological environment of the water,restraining the degradation of other toxic substances and leading to serious water pollution
Key word ：cationic surfactant  chlorinated  hexadecane derivatives

目录
毕业论文声明 I
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目录 III
1 氯代十六烷的简介 1
2 合成工艺与流程 2
2.1合成方法的选择 2
2.2 合成路线的设计 3
2.3 生产工艺流程简图： 5
3 物料衡算 7
3.1 反应段 7
3.2 萃取段 9
3.3 精馏段 11
4 能量衡算： 13
5 塔板数的计算 15
6 换热器的设计 17
7 反应釜的选择 19
8 要设备及工艺流程图 21
参考文献 22
致  谢 23